EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF PHOSPHORUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BRRI DHAN29

Robbani, MG; Hoque, MA; Huda, A; Bir, MSH; Haque, MM; Uddin, MJ

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF PHOSPHORUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BRRI DHAN29

Robbani, MG; Hoque, MA; Huda, A; Bir, MSH; Haque, MM; Uddin, MJ

URI: http://220.247.167.101:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/97

Date: 2014-07

Abstract:

An experiment was carried out at Mymensingh during the period from February to June 2011 to study the effects of different sources of phosphorus on the growth and yield of BRRI dhan29. The experiment was designed with six treatments and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment combinations were TO: control (No P), T1 : 100% P from Triple super phosphate (TSP), T2 : 100% P from Di ammonium phosphate (DAP), T3 : 100% P from compost, T4 : 50% P from TSP + 50% P from compost T5 : 50% P from DAP + 50% P from compost. All the plots received P from different sources @ 25 kg ha-1 except control. Application of different sources of P resulted in a significant increase in yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan29. The effect of DAP was more pronounced than that of TSP or compost. Application of P also significantly increased the grain and straw yields of rice. The highest grain (5.19 ha-1) and straw (7.11 t ha-1) yields were observed by the addition of P from DAP while the lowest grain (3.95 t ha -1) and straw (4.20 t ha-1) yields were observed in control treatment where no P fertilizers were added. Results also indicate that application of DAP caused a remarkable increase in grain and straw yields of rice. Application of P from different sources led to an increase in NPKS contents and uptake by rice. In most cases, DAP resulted in a higher nutrient uptake by rice crop. DAP can be used as a better source of P fertilizer compared to TSP or compost for rice cultivation in Bangladesh.

Description:

Rice is the most extensively cultivated cereal in Bangladesh. It plays an absolutely dominant role over all other crops in respect of economic and social significance. Rice also plays an important role in the national economy of our country. Bangladesh is the densely populated agro-based country having its current population of about 140.60 million (BBS, 2011). The rapid increase in population exerts tremendous pressure on increasing food production. Increased rice production in Bangladesh is essential to meet the food demand of the growing population. In Bangladesh, the annual use of nutrients is 102 kg ha-1 that includes N, P, K, S and Zn against a total removal of 200 kg nutrients ha -1 from soils (Islam et al., 2007). Intensive cropping with high yielding varieties, low use of organic matter and improper soil and crop management practices have caused a marked depletion of soil fertility in Bangladesh (Ali et al., 1997). Phosphorous is the second key nutrient element and plays a critical role in the life cycle of plants. It is needed greatly by young fast growing tissue of plants and performs a number of functions related to growth, development, photosynthesis and utilization of carbohydrates, whereas insufficient nutrient P seriously limits growth and yield of rice (Yampracha et al., 2005). Phosphorus has a marked beneficial impact on seedling establishment, root biomass production, flowering and maturity of the crop and decreased floret sterility (Ortega and Rojas, 1999). The P content in majority soils of Bangladesh is low (Islam, 2000). Thus application of phosphate fertilizer is essential for better crop production. Farmers commonly use Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), Single Super Phosphate (SSP), or Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) as the source of P to meet the demand of P. Application of DAP has a positive effect on rice production in Bangladesh as a fertilizer for P source over TSP and compost (Sharma et al., 2006). Although DAP has high price but it reduces the requirement of nitrogen in rice field. It could be an added factor for easy acceptance of P fertilizer compared to other phosphatic fertilizers and its socioeconomic impact on farmer's acceptability. Addition of compost is useful in maintaining or increasing organic substances in soil which are decomposed slowly. The greatest benefit from cycling and recycling of compost in soil is the overall improvement of soil health. The use of compost may reduce requirement of chemical fertilizers, thus allowing the small farmer to save in part the cost of production. Every year Bangladesh has to import huge amount of TSP or its raw materials to meet up the phosphorus requirement of the crops. But the main problem concerning phosphatic fertilizers is its rapid fixation in soil within a very short period of application rendering more than two-thirds unavailable to plants (Saharawat et al., 2001). Application of phosphorus in proper amount is crucial for profitable rice cultivation in Bangladesh. Considering the above facts, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of different sources of phosphorus on the growth and yield of BRRI dhan29 and to observe the effects of different sources of P on nutrient content and uptake by BRRI dhan29.

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